181 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
181 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "使用LNMP搭建网站"
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date: 2024-04-05T15:08:45+08:00
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tags: []
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---
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## 搭建网站 (以 Typecho 为例)
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### 系统：Debian 12
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### 第一步：绑定域名
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1. 修改 hosts 配置
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```bash
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vim /etc/hosts
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```
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添加需要绑定的域名，格式如下：
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```text
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公网IP 域名
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```
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### 第二步：配置 MySQL 数据库
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1. 进入 MySQL
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```bash
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mysql -u root -p
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```
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2. 创建数据库和用户，并授权
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```sql
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CREATE DATABASE typecho_db CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
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CREATE USER 'typecho_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password';
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GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON typecho_db.* TO 'typecho_user'@'localhost';
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FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
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EXIT;
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```
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> 替换数据库名：typecho_db
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> 替换用户名：typecho_user
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> 替换密码：your_password
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#### 导入备份数据 (如果有)
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1. 切换到目标数据库
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```sql
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USE existing_database_name;
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```
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> 替换为现有数据库的名称。
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2. 导入备份数据
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```sql
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SOURCE /path/to/backup_file.sql;
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```
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> 替换为备份文件的路径。
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### 第三步：配置 Nginx
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1. 创建 Nginx 网站配置文件
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```bash
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sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/typecho.conf
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```
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2. 添加 Typecho 的反向代理配置信息
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```nginx
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server {
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listen 80;
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listen [::]:80;
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listen 443 ssl http2;
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listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
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server_name your_domain.com; # 替换为您的域名
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ssl_certificate /**/**/*.cer; # 填入SSL证书路径
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ssl_certificate_key /*/*/*.key;# 填入SSL证书路径
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root /var/www/typecho; # 替换为 Typecho 系统文件夹路径
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index index.php index.html index.htm;
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location / {
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try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
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}
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location ~ \.php$ {
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include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
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fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock; # 替换为您的 PHP 版本配置
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fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
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include fastcgi_params;
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}
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location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|webp|ico|bmp|tiff|css|js|svg)$ {
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expires max;
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log_not_found off;
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}
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location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
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location = /robots.txt { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
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access_log /var/log/nginx/typecho_access.log;
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error_log /var/log/nginx/typecho_error.log;
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gzip on;
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gzip_disable "msie6";
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gzip_vary on;
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gzip_comp_level 6;
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gzip_min_length 1100;
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gzip_buffers 16 8k;
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gzip_proxied any;
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gzip_types text/plain text/css text/xml application/xml application/javascript application/rss+xml application/atom+xml image/svg+xml;
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}
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```
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3. 创建软链接至 sites-enabled
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```bash
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sudo ln -s "/etc/nginx/sites-available/typecho.conf" "/etc/nginx/sites-enabled"
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```
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4. 重启服务器
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```bash
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nginx -t # 检查配置文件语法错误
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nginx -s reload # 重新加载配置文件
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```
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### 第四步：申请 SSL 证书
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1. 手动安装 acme.sh
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```bash
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git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh && cd acme.sh
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```
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或使用国内镜像
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```bash
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git clone --depth=1 https://gitee.com/neilpang/acme.sh && cd acme.sh
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```
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2. 安装 acme.sh
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```bash
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./acme.sh --install
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```
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3. 注册账号
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```bash
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acme.sh --register-account -m my@example.com
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```
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4. 生成证书
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```bash
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./acme.sh --issue -d mydomain.com -d www.mydomain.com --webroot /home/wwwroot/mydomain.com/
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```
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5. 配置 SSL 证书和密钥路径
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```nginx
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ssl_certificate /path/to/your_certificate.cer; # SSL 证书路径
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ssl_certificate_key /path/to/your_certificate.key; # SSL 证书密钥路径
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```
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6. 重启 Nginx
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```bash
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nginx -t # 检查配置文件语法错误
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nginx -s reload # 重新加载配置文件
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```
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